There was a recent episode of the Choose FI podcast discussing the middle-class trap. I have been a long-time listener of the podcast. FI stands for Financial Independence. I have praised the podcast in the past, so it pains me to have to write this critique.
The name of the episode was “Deep Dive: Putting the Middle-Class Trap to Bed”. The host, Brad, and his guest, were in agreement that the middle-class trap is essentially a myth. I absolutely despised this episode, and I thought it showed a lack of empathy and showed they were somewhat out of touch with reality.
There is much discussion in the financial independence community on the middle-class trap. For purposes here, the middle-class trap refers to the typical middle-class person or family (by American standards) who follow the guidelines of building wealth by buying a house and contributing to retirement accounts. Even though their net worth may be high, they do not feel wealthy and have a feeling of being trapped in their lifestyle. Their net worth is largely inaccessible.
Think about a person who has $500,000 in a 401k plan and $500,000 in home equity and not much else in terms of financial assets. On paper, they are a millionaire. Yet, day-to-day, they don’t really have much liquid money. They pay their mortgage, pay their other bills, and contribute to their retirement, but they don’t have much, if anything, left over. They really don’t feel wealthy at all unless they plan to sell their house and cash-in on their retirement, if that is even possible.
Trust the Statistics?
When I listened to this Choose FI episode, I genuinely felt like I was being lectured to by a politician. We were told this middle-class trap is all a myth. Supposedly this episode was putting this discussion to bed. It was supposed to be the final word, I guess.
It reminded me of a politician saying, “You just don’t understand how good you’ve got it. Inflation is low. Unemployment is low. GDP is growing at a healthy rate. It doesn’t matter how you feel. The statistics say you are doing well.”
Maybe that wasn’t the intention of Brad in this episode, as he usually is rather humble. But that is the vibe that I got listening. He said, maybe you “feel” this way, but that is not actually the case. In other words, he is saying that he knows about everyone’s situation better than they know themselves. He uses the term “feel” a lot here, as if to dismiss what people are actually going through.
They also used these absurd examples of people who made a middle-class income and are now millionaires. Of course, this assumed that a couple started contributing 20% to their retirement plans when they were young and kept doing it the whole time. It assumed they got raises equivalent to inflation along the way. It also assumed investing 100% in stocks and getting the returns of the bull market of the last 20 years. One of the examples discussed a couple who spent $45,000 per year. What world does this take place in?
It’s not that the examples weren’t realistic. I’m sure you could find someone who fits these examples. The problem is that they aren’t typical. I don’t even think they are typical within the FI community. These examples might resemble 5 to 10 percent of the population, at most. What about everyone else?
The Problem with Retirement Accounts
In the podcast, they incorrectly said that you can access your 401k. They talked about ways to avoid paying a penalty. The penalty is really just an additional tax, which you can also pay to withdraw money before 59 ½.
This is not true for many people. If you still work for the same employer that sponsors your 401k plan, then you are not typically allowed to withdraw “your” money. You can sometimes take out a loan, but then you would immediately have to start paying yourself back (into your locked account) with interest.
You may also be able to take a withdrawal if you can prove some kind of financial hardship, but that is meant for people who are in special circumstances of financial hardship.
The reality is that, if you are still working and younger than the age requirement, you typically can’t access the money in your 401k plan. The same would go for most pension plans. Unless you are ready to quit your job and take the 10% extra tax, then “your” money is not accessible at this time.
Retirement Assumptions
One thing I realized in listening to this episode is that there was a major disconnect. Just because this is a FI podcast, it doesn’t mean everyone is FI. It doesn’t mean that everyone has retired early.
A lot of the discussion was based on the notion that someone is already there. It is not recognizing the fact that many people are trying to do “the right thing” by buying a house and putting money into retirement accounts. When doing that and supporting a family, there isn’t a lot left over for their bank account. This is the trap.
Think about the difference between these two people who are each 40 years old. You have one person with $500,000 in a retirement account that can’t be accessed and essentially no liquid savings. You have another person with $250,000 in a retirement account and another $250,000 that is easily accessible in brokerage and bank accounts.
On paper, these two individuals have the same net worth. Neither are close to retirement yet. However, they are in very different situations.
The person with no liquid savings is living on the edge. A major house repair will require credit cards or a loan. There is certainly no option of not working unless he plans to quit his job and tap his retirement and pay the additional tax, which isn’t usually a good idea.
The person and his family with $250,000 in easily-accessible money is in a completely different situation. They have the freedom to take a nice vacation for the family. They have the option of investing in a side business. They have the option of paying cash for a new roof. They have the option of taking a one-month leave of absence to take the kids to Europe if the employer would allow. The list can go on and on.
The person with the substantial liquid savings has a lot more options, even though his net worth on paper is the same. I’m sure you could come up with your own list of things where one is far advantageous over the other.
Most people who are younger than 59 ½ are not retired. That includes people listening to financial independence podcasts. The middle-class trap doesn’t really apply to someone who has $2 million in a 401k plan if they are already retired.
I think Brad and his guest missed the mark in a major way. It sounded way too elitist. “Just start putting away 20% when you’re young. Keep getting raises that at least keep up with inflation. Invest everything in stocks. Make a great return, as stocks always go up in the long run. Retire early. There is no middle-class trap.” That is the summary of this episode. It all sounds so easy, but I think many Americans “feel” differently because they are living a different reality.